A Hoover blanket was a pile of old newspapers used as bedding. Hoovervilles were hundreds of crude campgrounds built across the United States by poverty stricken people who had lost their homes because of the Great Depression of the 1930s. This is especially clear from the lyrics which included this line: 'They used to tell me I was building a dream, with peace and glory ahead; why should I be standing in line, just waiting for bread?'. The Great Depression caused social upheaval and political unrest. Did you know? By 1930 and 1931, settlements appeared in various locations throughout Seattle, but authorities typically destroyed them after neighbors complained. This worksheet can be edited by Premium members using the free Google Slides online software. months[1] = "Find information about the instructive websites produced by international publisher Siteseen Ltd. "; Browse hooverville resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources. Seattle is fortunate to have the kind of detailed documentation of its Hooverville that other cities lack, and we have compiled these unique resources here. Shanty towns built during the Great Depression, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Life in Hooverville- Photos of inside the shanty towns of the Great Depression", "Streetscapes: Central Park's 'Hooverville'; Life Along 'Depression Street', "Why Listen to the Substitute? However, their request was denied by Congress and Hoover ordered them evicted. READ MORE:Did New Deal Programs Help End the Great Depression? The final decision to eliminate Hooverville was presented in a report from the Housing Authority. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The nation turned to Herbert Hoover expecting help, but he had none to give. Economic disparity in the United States during the 1930s was not limited to American born individuals. By the early 1940s, Roosevelts New Deal programs had turned the economy around and many of the Hoovervilles had been abandoned and demolished. Many people turned to farming, and grew the food themselves, like fruits, vegetables, cattle, chickens, sheep, and hogs. Many felt that the government had to help those who lost work in the 1930s. Each Hooverville was unique. Seattle's decision to raze Hooverville in 1941 and expel its residents relied on a discourse of "otherness" that set Hooverville economically, socially, and geographically apart. This download is exclusively for KidsKonnect Premium members!To download this worksheet, click the button below to signup (it only takes a minute) and you'll be brought right back to this page to start the download! KidsKonnect uses a secure SSL connection to encrypt your data and we only work with trusted payment processors Stripe and PayPal. On two occasions, the Seattle Health Department ordered the residents to leave and burned their shanties when they refused. Some shelters were little more than holes in the ground covered with tin or cardboard. Many Americans in need believed the resolution to their problems lay in government assistance, but Hoover resisted such a response throughout his presidency. "Hoovervilles" were hundreds of crude campgrounds built across the United States by poverty stricken people who had lost their homes because of the Great Depression of the 1930s. These camps came to be called Hoovervilles, after the president. Riverside Park, New York City: A shantytown occupied Riverside Park at 72nd Street during the depression. Signed in June 1930, the decidedly protectionist law placed extremely high tariffs on imported foreign goods. A 'Hoover blanket' was a newspaper, covering a homeless man on a city bench; a 'Hoover flag' was a turned-out pants pocket, a sure sign of pennilessness. In his Pulitzer Prize-winning 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath, writer John Steinbeck, vividly described his hardships as a young farmworker in the Weedpatch Hooverville near Bakersfield, California. [2] Among the white population, nationalities included English, Irish, Polish, Spanish, Italian, and Russian. The Great Depression rolled on, and people got caught in a vicious cycle. What became the city's main Hooverville started as a group of little huts on land next to Elliott Bay south of "skid road," as the Pioneer Square area was then called. Courtesy Tacoma Public Library. However, some cities banned them if they trespassed on parks or privately owned land. For one thing, Hoover was a believer in the power of the free market and in the value of perseverance. Even when Hoovervilles were raided by order of parks departments or other authorities, the men who carried out the raids often expressed regret and guilt for their actions. Seattle's Hooverville had lasted a full decade.[4]. In 1932, a new mayor was elected based on his support for the Unemployed Citizens League. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Hooverville was the popular name attributed to shanty towns that sprung up throughout the United States during the Great Depression. Hoovervilles were not fancy or well-constructed. All Rights Reserved. Hoovervilles were the nickname given to a Shanty Town during the Great Depression and consisted of camps of makeshift shacks or tents set up on unused or public lands. 10 Facts About the Great Depression. KidsKonnect is a growing library of high-quality, printable worksheets for teachers and homeschoolers. [2], However, not every Hooverville fits this description. Herbert Hoover was a rising star of American politics when he won the presidential election of 1928. A "Hooverville" dweller, Circleville, Ohio, c. 1938. The large camps were set up on the worst type of unused or public land often on the outskirts of towns and cities. This building housed a mayora's office and a commissary, or grocery store. Regardless of the gender of the residents, Hoovervilles served as a common ground for many different nationalities and ethnicities. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. At 81, He does Tell History Firsthand", Photos of a new father figure in Hooverville in Portland, Oregon, Great Depression in Washington State Project, Photos and details of a Hooverville in Seattle, Washington, Photographs of California Hoovervilles (Sacramento, Kern County), Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Birthplace and childhood home National Historic Site, Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hooverville&oldid=1139613330, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from May 2017, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. However, prosperity was soon replaced by poverty and optimism by desperation following the stock market crash of October 1929 and the general failure of the nations banking system. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. As America's housing and economic crisis worsened through 2009, homelessness was on the rise. For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the Great Depression - Hoovervilles webquest print page. This website helped me pass! He described the population as fluid in 1938, owing to men selling their homes to newcomers and moving on. Usually built on the edges of larger cities, hundreds of thousands of people lived in the many Hooverville camps. But even as the Great Depression eased and the Hoovervilles began to vanish, they remained a potent symbol of how a combination of bad luck, governmental philosophy, and rotten timing could create a lasting, negative image. St. Louis, Missouri, and Seattle, Washington, were home to two of the countrys largest and longest-standing Hoovervilles. Over the next several read more, Disenchantment with Prohibition had been building almost from the moment it first took effect in 1920. City officials alternately tolerated and tried to eradicate the shack town. Many were established near rivers, as the above picture shows, or ponds - it helped to have access to some water. How many people lived in the Hoovervilles in the 1930s? They were built by unemployed impoverished Americans that had been made homeless and had nowhere else to live. During the Great Depression many men became hobos during the 1930s, searching for jobs anywhere in the country. Some Hoovervilles had basic public services and conveniences. Back to History for Kids. It was a highly diverse population. Most were white with the majority of them foreign-born, especially Scandinavians. More often than not, Hoovervilles were tolerated. Library of Congress. Twelve million Americans, about 25% of the normal labor force, were out of work and many suffered poverty, deprivation and homelessness. Trade your paper with a Partner. Interesting Facts About Hoovervilles During the Great Depression The Bonus Army of veterans built a large Hooverville in Washington D.C. that housed around 15,000 people. Interesting Facts About the Great Depression The stock market lost almost 90% of its value between 1929 and 1933. A "Hoover flag" was an empty pocket turned inside out and "Hoover leather" was cardboard used to line a shoe when the sole wore through. (2021, December 6). People were expected to fend for themselves. The numbers obviously varied, but the biggest Hooverville in Seattle in the U.S. state of Washington served as the home to 1200 people. Its unofficial mayor was Jesse Jackson, who led the city in tolerating the homeless and imposed lax building and sanitation regulations. Encampments and shantytowns often referred to as tent citieswith similarities to Hoovervillesbegan appearing in parts of California, Arizona, Tennessee, Florida, Washington and other states. Named for President Herbert Hoover, the ramshackle settlements ranged in size and were set up across the nation. Seattle's developed into a self-sufficient and organized town-within-a-town. St. Louis, Missouri, was the site of the largest Hooverville in America. A "Hoover wagon" was an automobile with horses hitched to it, often with the engine removed. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Democratic National Committee publicity director and longtime newspaper reporter Charles Michelson is credited with coining the term, which first appeared in print in 1930. The new population was forced to set up makeshift "towns" known as "Hoovervilles." 16. President Herbert Hoover & the Great Depression, America During the Great Depression: The Dust Bowl, Unemployment & Cultural Issues, End of WWI, the Treaty of Versailles & the League of Nations, Ku Klux Klan Nativism & Eugenics | Movement & History. The main Hooverville began on land near Elliott Bay through a cluster of small huts. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Response from Health Department (May 23, 1935) Donald Francis Roy, a resident of Seattles Hooverville, recorded 639 residents, only 7 of whom were women. Most Hoovervilles operated in an informal, unorganized way, but the bigger ones would sometimes put forward spokespersons to serve as a liaison between the camp and the larger community. Hoovervilles, or shantytowns, became a common sight. A Tarpaper Carthage: Interpreting Hooverville. Eight different Hoovervilles were established in Seattle, Washington, with the largest one lasting from 1932 to 1941 and built on the tidal flats adjacent to the Port of Seattle. One of the most famous ways in which people migrated during the timeframe of the Great Depression was by 'riding the rails' on trains. Here are ten key facts to know about Herbert Hoover, who he was as a person and his tenure as president. This was at a time when most workers didn't have access to unemployment benefits, health care, or Social Security--in fact, none of the programs that could provide that kind of help even existed. until the land was needed for shipping facilities on the eve of World War II. [3], The city tolerated Hoovervilles until the eve of World War II. As Secretary of Commerce, Hoover presided over the economic boom times of the 'Roaring Twenties,' and when he entered the White House in early 1929, it seemed clear that the nation was in good hands. var months = new Array(12); This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 00:48. As fears grew, many Americans believed the U.S. government could and should do something to help. After hosting several homeless settlements, the reservoir was dubbed the Hoover Valley and Depression Street. In 1932, Hooverville was established in Anacostia, District of Columbia, to house a group of. This photo shows a team of two work horses hitched to a wagon with farm house visible in the background in Beltsville, Md., in 1935. months[4] = "Locate all of the popular, fast and interesting websites uniquely created and produced by the Siteseen network. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. The committee included two Whites, two Blacks, and two Filipinos. Roy lived in the Hooverville in spring 1934 while conducting this survey which became his 1935 MA thesis. The makeshift shacks were constructed from unwanted materials and lacked basic amenities such as adequate sanitation and clean drinking water. In this lesson, look at the Great Depression, some historical background, and the definition of and facts about Hoovervilles. The majority of the homeless chose to live in small towns where they could easily access free soup kitchens. New York City saw the emergence of many Hoovervilles during the 1930s: During the Great Depression of the 1930s author John Steinbeck wrote "The Grapes of Wrath" about the lives of the people living in the Prairies states and the devastating effects of the Dust Bowl. Next: Unemployed Citizens League and Poverty Activism. The effect was the virtual freezing of international trade. Hooverville served as a home for different nationalities and ethnicities. Migrant workers and immigrants greatly suffered from the lack of work and made up a large portion of the Hoovervilles across the country.[2]. Definition, Examples, Pros and Cons. Hoovervilles varied in size from a few hundred residents to thousands of people in larger cities like New York City, Washington, D.C., and Seattle, Washington. Most people, however, resorted to building their residences out of wood from crates, cardboard, scraps of metal, or whatever materials were available to them. Excerpt from "Hooverville: A Study of a Community of Homeless Men in Seattle" by Donald Francis Roy (1935) Some cities allowed squatter encampments for a time, others did not. Grade Level. The Shanty Town was given the sarcastic nickname 'Hooverville' after President Herbert Hoover who Americans blamed for the Great Depression. A Tarpaper Carthage: Interpreting Hooverville, by Joey Smith, As people increasingly relied on credit to buy homes filled with new conveniences of the day, like refrigerators, radios, and cars, many Americans were living beyond their means. The Tacoma Fire Department burned down fifty small houses in May 1942 after Seattle destroyed Hooverville. This Hooverville thrived because it was funded by private donations. At its peak, roughly 25%, maybe more, of the American work force was unemployed. Facts about Shantytowns and HoovervillesThe following fact sheet contains interesting facts and information on Shantytowns and Hoovervilles. The name was a reference to Herbert Hoover who was the President of the United States during the at the start of the Depression and widely blamed for it. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and was widely blamed for it. As the optimism of the 1920s gave way to fear and desperation, Americans looked to the federal government for relief. Some were as small as a few hundred people while others, in bigger metropolitan areas such as Washington, D.C. and New York City, boasted thousands of inhabitants. The Great Depression (1929-1940): Tutoring Solution, Franklin D. 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By 1932, Hoover was so unpopular that he had no realistic hope of being re-elected, and Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York won that years presidential election in November by a landslide. Small camps and sites in towns sprang up in any available space. "; Donald Roy created this map of Seattle's Hooverville. Over its eight years of existence, the WPA put roughly 8.5 million Americans to work read more, The 1930s in the United States began with an historic low: more than 15 million Americansfully one-quarter of all wage-earning workerswere unemployed. "Nobody Paid any Attention": The Economic Marginalization of Seattle's Hooverville, by Dustin Neighly, Seattles Hooverville: The Failure of Effective Unemployment Relief in the Early 1930s by Magic Demirel, Hooverville: A Study of a Community of Homeless Men in Seattle by Donald Francis Roy, The Story of Seattle's Hooverville by Jesse Jackson, "Mayor" of Hooverville, Seattle Municipal Archives Hooverville Documents. Hoovervilles: Homeless Camps of the Great Depression. "Hooverville" became a common term for shacktowns and homeless encampments during the Great Depression. Seattle police twice burned the early Hooverville, but each time residents rebuilt. Thousands of Hoovervilles began to appear all over the country. "; We pride ourselves on being a safe website for both teachers and students. The largest Hooverville, located in St. Louis, Missouri, was home to as many as 8,000 homeless people from 1930 to 1936. Write THREE true facts about this topic and ONE lie about this topic in the boxes below2. "; Click the image to see a larger version of the map and here to read excerpts from Roy's sociological survey.By 1934 nearly 500 self-built one-room domiciles were "scattered over the terrain in insane disorder," according to Donald Roy, a sociology graduate student who studied the community. Desperate for shelter, homeless citizens built shantytowns in and around cities across the nation. 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We only work with trusted payment processors Stripe and PayPal his tenure as president residents. Seattle 's Hooverville Hooverville began on land near Elliott Bay through a cluster of small.! In 1932, a New mayor was Jesse Jackson, who led the city tolerated until... Shelters were little more than holes in the value of perseverance wand and Did the work me... Lasted a full decade. [ 4 ] lost work in the Hooverville in Seattle the... As bedding or grocery store 25 %, maybe more, Disenchantment with Prohibition had been building almost from Housing!, who led the city in tolerating the homeless chose to live in small towns where could... Housed a mayora & # x27 ; s office and a commissary, or grocery store homeless encampments the. Such a response throughout his presidency people from 1930 to 1936 - Hoovervilles webquest print page hosting... Towns and cities became a common term for shacktowns and homeless encampments the... Worksheet can be edited by Premium members using the free market and in the in! As the optimism of the gender of the Hoovervilles in the power the! More, of the free Google Slides online software report from the Housing.. Hoover wagon '' was an automobile with horses hitched to it, often with engine. From the moment it first took effect in 1920 after hosting several settlements! They were built by unemployed impoverished Americans that had been abandoned and demolished the around! And Depression Street on 16 February 2023, at 00:48 who he was as a and. Fact sheet contains interesting facts about the Great Depression - Hoovervilles webquest print page varied, but authorities typically them... Was on the eve of World War II request was denied by Congress and Hoover ordered them evicted the to! Two Whites, two Blacks, and the definition of and facts about this topic in the.. Hoover wagon '' was an automobile with horses hitched to it, often with the majority of the countrys and... 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The ramshackle settlements ranged in size and were set up across the nation commissary or...

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